Delhi – Empty statistics

At a central advisory board of Education (CABE) committee meeting convened on September 21 to deliberate the 484-page National Education Policy 2019 (NEP) draft report of the K. Kasturirangan Committee (released for public debate on May 31), the Union HRD ministry took time off to release the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2018-19 report titled Higher Education Statistics and Public Information System. AISHE was initiated in 2011 to provide data for evidence-based policy formulation and effective planning in higher education. With the NEP 2019 in the final phase of preparation, the latest AISHE statistics offer important insights into the feasibility of the far-reaching reforms suggested for higher education in the draft NEP. Among the KR Committee’s proposals is division of higher education institutions into multidisciplinary research universities, traditional teaching universities and colleges, and to raise gross enrolment ratio (GER) in higher education from the current 26.3 to 50 percent. According to AISHE 2018-19, India has 993 universities of which 385 are privately managed and 16 are exclusively for women. There are 548 general, 142 technical, 63 agriculture & allied, 58 medical, 23 law, 13 Sanskrit and nine language universities with the remaining 106 falling into other categories. AISHE 2018-19 pegs the number of undergrad colleges in the country at 39,931, with Bangalore urban district hosting 880 followed by Jaipur (566). College density or the number of colleges per lakh eligible population (in age-group 18-23) varies from a mere seven in Bihar to 53 in Karnataka against the national average of 28. Significantly, 78 percent of undergrad colleges are private (aided and unaided) institutions tutoring and mentoring 66.4 percent of all students in higher education. In terms of numbers, aggregate enrolment in higher education institutions (HEIs) is estimated at 37.4 million with 19.2 million males and 18.2 million females with 80 percent enrolled in undergrad programmes. A mere 0.5 percent (1.69 lakh) of students in higher education are pursuing Ph D programmes – a shocking indictment of the country’s research effort. Unsurprisingly, arts, commerce and science colleges attract the largest number of students with ten of their 187 programmes drawing 80.3 percent of students enrolled in higher education. Curiously despite India’s HEIs faring very poorly in global league tables, 47,427 foreign students from 164 countries around the world are enrolled in HEIs, with Nepal (26.8 percent), Afghanistan (9.8), Bangladesh (4.38), Sudan (4.02), Bhutan (3.82) and Nigeria (3.4) being the major countries with faith in India’s HEIs. Prof. Furqan Qamar, who teaches business at the Centre for Management Studies of Delhi’s Jamia Millia Islamia University, predicts consolidation of higher education institutions, with the country’s 10,725 standalone colleges/universities ripe for takeover and amalgamation into multi-disciplinary universities proposed by the Kasturirangan Committee’s NEP 2019 draft. Standalone institutions will be obliged to merge with larger HEIs in their neighbourhood. “Business management programmes are neither wholly knowledge nor skill-based. B-school education has its own dynamics of linkages with corporates and the jobs market. Therefore, it would be advisable for them to be exempted from…